Dizziness, Vertigo and Meniere’s Syndrome Definition and Types
Definition:-
A common symptom shared among a number of different diseases.
Dizziness which can be defined as a status of losing normal stand up balance also may be combined with fainting or not.
Types:
Dizziness has two main causes, first is due to the Histamine release, and second is due to decrease the blood supply to the brain.
Both mechanisms could be produced as a result of many clinical cases.
Histamine release which causes dizziness could be symptom of:-
1- Many types of allergic rhinitis, sinusitis and otitis media.
2- Many types of bacterial and viral infections.
3- Some strong inflammation reactions like, appendicitis.
4- Motion sickness.
5- Severe blood loss.
6- Some psychic cases.
7- Inner ear inflammation.
For the second group of the causes which is (Insufficient brain blood Supply) could be due to many cases also like:-
1-constriction of the blood vessels that supply the brain like in Diabetes and hyperlipidemia.
2-Many cases of vascular diseases.
3-Hypotension is one of the main causes of Dizziness.
4-Different types of anemia and mal-nutrition.
5-Different types of brain tumors and blood cancers.
Many drugs are also well known to induce dizziness like (Acetaminophen/Codeine phosphate) combinations, Alendronate Sodium and Acyclovir.
Vertigo: which the sensation of dizziness, spinning and disorientation usually due to inner ear disease like (Otitis media).
Meniere’s syndrome is a disorder of the inner ear that can affect hearing and balance to a varying degree. It is characterized by episodes of vertigo and tinnitus and progressive hearing loss, usually in one ear.
Management :-
Two lines of treatment according to the cause of dizziness.
1- Anti-histamines or histamine analogues which are used to block the histamine (H1) receptors like,(Dimenhydrinate and Betahistine).
2- Drugs known to improve the circulation and increase the brain oxygen consumption like(Cinnarizine, Pentoxifylline and piracetam ).
3- Drugs used to elevate the blood pressure like (heptaminol hcl).
4- Multivitamins used in cases of mal-nutrition.
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